读经新义塾推广计划书
作者：小筛子义学私塾创办人王武东
（2008年3月21日）
从两千年开始，中华儿童读经工程掀起了中华文化复兴运动的热潮，经过尽10年的努力，中国大陆有数百万儿童接受了经典的熏陶，从中华传统文化中获得精神力量。同时，无数有志之士在各地自发办起了不同形式的读经私塾和读经学校，文化发展硕果累累。
但我们也当看到，现在的工作还远远不够，整个社会对民族文化精神的认识还停留在相当肤浅的阶段，社会功利思想掩盖了人们对文化精神和公益性的认识，使读经教育中的“师道”和“孝道”得不到充分的体现。社会宣传面也受功利思想的影响阻碍重重。
为了让传统文化的精神更有利于进入普通民众的心里，在下一个读经十年到来之际，大陆的读经教育不但要继续深入的保持原有特色，还要把重点放在文化精神的推动，师道孝道的建立和继承上。
因此，文化的公益思路必然要被提出。在任何发达国家，最大的公益组织必然是文化传播机构，如西方的圣经文化，以色列的犹太文化，伊斯兰国家的可兰经文化。儒家文化一直是中国历史上最重要的文化体系，他有别于其他神性文化，是以师道、孝道及宗族的传承为中心的人性文化，是对拯救当今世界混乱人心有极大意义的文化。
上世纪七十年代国际著名历史学家英国人汤因比提出：二十一世纪挽救世界，必须依靠中国孔孟儒家思想和大乘佛法。80年代末，一批诺贝尔获得者在巴黎开会，发表了一个重要宣言，针对世界范围的道德危机指出：人类要在21世纪生存下去，就必须到2500年前中国孔夫子那里去寻找机会。
就上述论断，我们思考了这个《读经新义塾推广计划》，供文化同仁一个建议参考。
认识文化义学是中华文化精神觉醒的开始
读经教育十年来，一直存在很多民众文化认识上的问题，为了维持各个读经机构的正常运营，适当的收费本是合情合理，但由于社会的功利主义思想泛滥，家长虽然带孩子来读经，却很难与老师建立长久的师生关系，对老师起码的尊敬停留于表面的客套，使老师在长期的教学中得不到应有尊重而失去信心，起码的师道关系建立不起来。
由此我们不得不自省我们的工作是否不够完善，中国大陆传统文化根基已经是完全破坏，在这样一个废墟上将倒掉的大树重新竖起，没有更加纯粹的心灵是不可能的。我们认为，以最无私的精神让民众认识到中华文化复兴是伟大的公益事业相当重要。
所以建立以强化师道孝道传统为目的的免费读经学校和私塾相当必要。一方面可以直接利益到各个阶层的家庭，同时又从小孩子抓起，可以间接影响到大人对文化的认识。免费的方式意味着撕掉了功利的面纱，让社会清楚的看到了师道的精神，使之产生感恩，自觉的帮助读经机构的发展和运营。
一旦人们认识到爱护中华文化是伟大的公益事业时，宗族意识就会复苏，民族的凝聚力和自豪感就会产生，中华民族文化精神就会觉醒。
在中华文化复兴的路上，新义塾计划必将是中华文化史上相当重要的一笔。
新义塾的定义
用完全无私的态度免费推广经典工程，使之换取整个社会民众对文化自觉自愿的维护，进而达到提高民族精神的目的，并充分展示孝道师道的特色和魅力。“义”的意思是仁义，是深明大义，不单单是义务。
不做任何功利性交换，只是完全的付出，直到感动社会家庭，赢得民心，使人们产生对民族文化的感恩并自觉投入。逐渐形成“文化推动者完全付出给人民，人民自觉维护文化机构发展，文化机构无条件支持文化推动者的生活。”的良性循环体系。
新义塾的几种形式
我们觉得义塾形式的多样化有利于渗透到各个阶层，满足各种人群的需求。所以我们大体把义塾形式分为四类：
1、社区义塾；2、培训式义塾；3、全日制义塾；4全日制义学书院。
每种义塾的意义
1、 社区义塾：由社会普通民众在社区或乡村，利用业余时间义务带领周边孩子读诵经典的短期读经班。
这种形式是最简单的方式，任何人都可以从之，只要有一点时间（比如节日假日），一小块场地，几个孩子就可以开展，用几天或每周定期几次读一本经典（如《弟子规》《三字经》《或学庸论语》篇章等）。形式很小，花销不大，但在社区对文化精神的传播效果却极佳，虽不能全面训练孩子，但可以让一些孩子从小建立对文化的感情。因为是义务，固没有负面影响，所以可以做为一个有志于文化推动者的朋友先期尝试，以积累经验和好口碑。
2、 培训式义塾：利用3到13岁孩子的业余时间，开展有体系有规模的义务诵读经典教学活动的长期读经班。
这是未来在义塾计划中最重要的一种，在城市乡镇开展。有固定场地，稳定的教学计划和志愿者队伍，长期利用孩子的业余时间开展文化经典的普及。以达到较深较广的传播仁义之道的作用。这种方式虽不是以培养国学大家为目的，但也可以让孩子在几年内记忆10万字以上的经典。而且社会影响力极大，收益人数极多。（以合肥小筛子义学私塾为例：用不到10万元的资金，3年半时间帮助了600多的孩子，由于是培训方式，家长也要在家跟读，培养一个孩子就影响一个家庭，受益面有尽2000人。公益方式对整个合肥民众的影响极大，媒体报道30于次，同时很好的与国内的应试教育接轨，深受普通家庭的欢迎。）
3、 全日制义塾：面对那些愿意接受完整传统文化教育的家庭而建立的全日制义务教学机构。
全日制义塾是培养全面理解中华文化大人才的场所，以半封闭或全封闭的方式从娃娃抓起的地方，同时完成小学到初中国家教育部指定课程。这个机构短期对社会影响不大，但意义深远。机构往往远离闹市，一心教学。全日制义塾在所有读经形式中虽然没有很好的宣传效果，但在整个读经工程中是画龙点睛，所有精华汇聚之地。
4、 全日制义学书院：面对社会各个年龄段的民众一个综合了解文化的道场，全面表现传道授业解惑的学术机构。
义学书院是未来面对整个社会各阶层了解文化的综合机构，也是全日制方式对从培训式义塾和全日制义塾中完成学业的人才再深造的学术机构。还是高级学术性会议学者相互交流的场所。
四种义塾如何配合
1、 社区义塾和培训式义塾全力做好社会文化宣传工作。
社区义塾和培训式义塾因为资金投入少，点多，分布面广，民众自觉自愿，在社会产生的文化宣传效应相当巨大，一个中等城市只有有几个培训式义塾和十几个小小的社区义塾就会三五年内把文化精神和师道传承在整个人群中传播开来，加上义务工作，媒体会主动来做正面报道，对城市周边甚至全国产生叠加的宣传效应，这对提升整个社会认识文化精神极其有利。
2、 社区义塾和培训式义塾起到国学人才选拔和师资培训工作。
通过社区义塾和培训式义塾的学习，提升家长对文化的认识和热情，同时找出资质好的孩子提供给全日制义塾培养。同时透过社区义塾和培训式义塾的锻炼，一大批师资人才自然会出现。以合肥小筛子义塾（培训式）为例，他们的志愿者老师都是从家长中走出，他们在和孩子一起学习的过程中，走出了对畏惧古文的阴影，也看到前辈老师的风度。以小筛子的经验，从大学生中寻找读经老师的机会没有从普通家长中寻找师资容易，招聘来的老师也不一定理解读经理念，唯有家长是从观察中走来的，是最理解读经教育的。这些师资一旦培养成熟就可以提供到全日制义塾成为专业人才。
3、 全日制义塾在义塾计划中是画龙点睛。
从宣传上，全日制因点少，地域偏僻，同时利益人数有限，短期内不可能产生巨大的影响力，但在未来十年，一旦培训出大人才，会产生爆炸式效应。但从历史上看，几率极低的。所以全日制义塾并不会起到多少读经宣传作用，而是对国学人才进行深度的培养。所有从社区、培训中选拔的资质优秀的孩子都可以进入全日制学习，一直到中学毕业。所以这是整个读经计划中汇集精华的地方，是在未来向社会证明中华文化价值的地方。
4、 全日制义学书院是给社会各界热爱中华文化人士汇集的地方。
义学书院的目的是将社会各界文化人士凝聚起来，讲道说法的地方，同时对社会高层宣传中华文化，以便凝聚上层的力量来帮助整个义学计划的推动。同时也给普通市民义务授课，宣传文化。同时书院开设定向专业的全日制学习，提供给有文化功底的学生全日制学习。
全日制义塾的计划
全日制义塾是整个义塾体系中最中心的位置，虽然短期内社会影响力不显著，但是它的成败关心到整个义塾计划未来的发展。所以我们给予相应的发展意见给大家参考。
首先全日制义塾不同于现有的全日制收费读经学校，现有的读经学校和私塾是往往由个人组织建立，全日制义塾是有群有志之士共同建立，是一个地区读经交流的重要平台。除培养优秀读经娃娃外，还负责本地区读经研讨会和各地学术交流人才接待工作。
所以每个省份建立一到两个全日制义塾是很重要的，他将一个省的所有子级义塾都凝聚起来，协调工作，统一调配。
1、 全日制义塾地点的选择。
全日制义塾的工作重点是全心全意培养国学人才，所以少受干扰，远离人群是必要的，但为方便招生，和交通的便利，城市乡镇边缘地带是最佳的选择。
2、 与培训式义塾紧密合作寻找师资和优秀学生。
全日制义塾必须要有经验最丰富，同时有意愿把全副精力都投入读经事业的老师。这样的老师不是靠招聘就可以找到的，而是从多年的热心文化公益中自然筛选的。不是给工资就可以得到的，而是靠自我良好的修为自发产生。
一个全日制义塾至少有30个专业老师，150个在校生的规模即可。坚持以培养多少人才为中心，不要以多少学生为标准。
3、 建立地区性义塾交流办公接待中心。
作定期的学习讲座，辅导社区义塾及培训式义塾的建立和发展。同时和各个省份的中心相互协作，接受统一的工作安排。
4、 做好和政府部门协调工作。
经常邀请政府官员定期参观交流，一定要和国家政策保持一致。
义塾计划资金运作方式
1、需联合所有关心文化公益的人士
在没有个人利益的前提下，就可以解决现在读经界人士相对松散的局面，还可以将很多国内国外公益团体及广大宗教人士联合起来，迅速产生巨大的凝聚力。
有了这样的凝聚力，就可以解决先期发展所存在的资金问题。很多宗教团体都在做拯救人心的工作，但现在还停留在以短期说教成人的方式，并没有意识到用长期的方式义务从娃娃抓起，是长远解决社会人心问题的最佳接近。我们就这个问题要开展大量的说服工作，一旦大家认识到了，义塾计划的发展就有了保证了，资金就会充足。
2、建立中华文化义学基金会
建立基金会是相当重要的，针对重要的义塾项目给予大力的支持。对处于急需发展但缺乏资金的义塾给予帮助。针对整个社会进行大面上的文化宣导，在各地召开重要的文化会议，为所有义塾的发展铺路。
3、成熟义塾要建立自己的捐助体系
只通过基金会的支持是不长久的，一个成熟的义塾渐渐要建立自己的捐助体系，这个体系能否建立也是衡量一个义塾是否秉承了中华文化师道孝道的标准。能感动人心就会产生感恩，捐助体系就会建立。以合肥小筛子义塾为例：在不到三年的时间，孩子家长们和社会各界就积极要求给予帮助，虽然资金依然有限，但捐助系统渐渐产生。
义塾计划先期运作步骤
第一步，先在大中城市建立中心，召开全国义塾研讨会。
第二步，把工作重点先放在建立培训式义塾上，原因：1、易于宣传；2、进行师资的培训。3、寻找资质优秀或家庭支持的孩子。
第三步，在建立三到五个培训式义塾后，就可以建立一个全日制义塾。
第四步，在全国范围建立两个全日制义塾。
第五步，移交培训式义塾给地方有志之士，把重点放在全日制义塾的建设上。
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译者： Linda
Plan for Promoting New-Style
“Yi” Private Schools for Reading Classical Writings
Wang Wudong, the owner of “Xiaoshaizi” “Yi” Private School
2008.3.21
Since the year of 2000, the “Project of Chinese Children Reading Classical Writings” has made the Chinese Culture Renaissance Movement thrive. Through ten years of hard work, millions of children in mainland China has experienced the influence and fragrance of classics and thus drawn spiritual forces from our traditional culture. Meanwhile, countless comrades with lofty ideals set up various forms of private schools of reading classical writings in different places. Fruits of cultural developments are abundant.
Yet we also notice that the work at present stage is far from sufficient. The whole society’s understanding of our nation’s spirit lingers at the relative superficial level. The thought of material gain prevents people from fully understanding cultural spirit and public welfare, and thus prevents the “standards of master” and “standards of filial piety” from thoroughly presenting. The social reports are also made difficult because of the material thoughts.
To enable traditional culture to enter the hearts of average citizens, the Mainland Classical Reading Education, in the coming ten years, should not only maintain the original features, but also focus on pushing forward cultural spirit and establishing and carrying on of the “standard of master and standard of filial piety”.
Therefore, the thought of public welfare is necessarily proposed. In any developed countries, the biggest public welfare organization must be culture communication organization, e.g., western Bible culture, Israelite Judah culture, Islamic countries’ Alkoran culture. Confucian Culture has long been the most important cultural system in Chinese history. It is different from other deiform culture in its being humane. The culture’s center is carrying on the “standards of master” and “standards of filial piety” and it can play an enormously important role in saving contemporary world from chaos.
In 1970’s, the world famous historian Toynbee proposed: we have to depend on Chinese Confucianism and Mahayana to save the 21st century. At the end of 1980’s, a group of Nobel Prize winners met in Paris and made an important proclamation. Facing the world-wide moral crisis, they pointed out that people might have to go 2500 years back to Kongzi in China to look for opportunities.
Basing on the above-mentioned judgments, we draft this plan, to be at the service of the classic reading groups of cultural colleagues.
To recognize cultural righteousness and loyalty marks the
Beginning of a nation’s awakening.
There have been many problems concerning public cultural understanding since the beginning of classic reading education. To maintain the running of classic reading organizations, it is reasonable to charge, yet too much care about material gain caused a lot of problems. The parents brought their children to read classical writings, but they didn’t really respect the teachers, so the teachers got discouraged. The proper relationship between teacher and students can’t easily be established.
Therefore, we have to reflect over what we have done. The foundation of Chinese culture is totally destroyed. To reestablish it needs pure souls. We think it important to let public people know that Chinese culture is for the public welfare with our selfless minds.
So it is necessary to build new-style “Yi” private schools of read classical writings to strengthen the “standards of master” and “standards of filial piety”. On the one hand, it can benefit all walks of life; on the other hand, it starts with children, then influences the adults’ understanding of culture indirectly. The method of being free breaks the system of material gaining. This can make the society understand the spirit of teaching and make them be grateful so as to help the running of classic reading voluntarily.
Once people realize that caring about culture is for public welfare, the ideas of nationality will be reborn, the union and pride will come forth, the Chinese national cultural spirit will awaken.
On the way of reliving Chinese culture, this new style of private school is an important touch.
The definition of the new-style “Yi” private school
To promote classic reading project with the selfish attitude so as to get the whole society’s protection of culture voluntarily can improve national spirit and present the features and charm of “standards of master” and “standards of filial piety”. “Yi” here means not only being free of charge, but means righteousness and justice as well.
It’s totally giving, for no material reward. When the giving moves the society, we can get public support and people’s gratitude and voluntary participation into national culture. In this way, it’s possible to form the benign cycle of “cultural workers contribute to people, people protect the cultural organizations’ development and cultural organizations support cultural workers completely”.
The Forms of New-style “Yi” private schools
We believe that the variety of private schools can reach different walks of people and meet different people’s requirements. Therefore, we classify the schools into the following four types:
1. community schools; 2. training schools; 3. full-time schools; 4. full-time institute.
The necessity for each school
1. community schools: They are run by common people in community or village. They just make use of the leisure time to take neighboring children to read classical writings for a short term.
This form is the easiest type. Any person can make it. With a little time, a patch of land, several children, we can do it. The form is small; the cost is little; yet the effect is excellent. Though we can train children in every respect, we can get the interest in classic reading established in children’s hearts. Since it’s free, there is no negative effect. So, it can be the experimental method for persons who are interested in cultural work. In this way, they can get experience and good comments.
2. training schools：These are the long-term classic reading group which systematically makes full use of the leisure time of children aged 3-13.
This is one of the most important types of “Yi” schools in the future, which can be developed in cities and countryside. With fixed place, stable teaching plan and team or volunteers, we make use of children’s free time to popularize classic reading to further the influence of “righteousness and justice”. Though this type of schooling can’t train experts of culture, it can enable children to memorize 100,000 words of classical writings in several years. Meanwhile, it has great social influence and benefits a lot.( Take “Xiaoshaizi” in Hefei for example, we helped more than 600 children in three and a half year with less than 100,000 Yuan. The method of free of charge is influential. Media reports are over 30 times. It goes along well with present educational system and is welcome by common family.)
3. full-time schools: schools for those who want to get complete traditional culture
Full-time schools for classic reading aim at training experts who could understand Chinese culture completely. These schools start with children in a close or half close way, finishing the fixed primary and middle school education required by National Education Ministry. This kind of organization can’t affect the society in a short time, but the influence is long-termed. The organization should be far from the city center, concentrating on teaching. In all the classic reading forms, the full-time schools may not have good propaganda effect, yet it is the finishing touch in classic reading education.
4. full-time institute: a moral place for public to understand culture; an academic organization to present “teaching”
The ‘Yi” institute is a comprehensive organization for whole society to understand culture as well as a full-time academic organization for further education for those who complete their learning in training and full-time schools. This is also a place for senior scholars to communicate.
Cooperation among the four types of private schools
1. Community and training private schools should do their best to propagandize
Due to their little imputing, wide-spreading and public willingness, these two types of private schools can have great propaganda effect in society. In a medium-size city, several such schools can do the job of spreading cultural spirit and carrying on the “standard of master”. What’s more, since we are doing free work, the media will come to report positively. If this can go along with the whole nation’s joint work, it can be very beneficial to improve the social understanding of cultural spirit.
2. Community and training private schools should do the work of selecting and training teachers
Community and training private schools can warm parents’ enthusiasm to culture and find good students for full-time schools to train. Meanwhile, through practice in community and training private schools, a lot of teachers can naturally appear. Take “Xiaoshaizi” in Hefei for example, their volunteers come from parents. When they read with their children, they step out of the shadow of classic Chinese fear and observe the other teachers’ manner. The experience of “Xiaoshaizi” shows it is better to get teachers from parents than from graduates. The hired teachers might not understand classic reading, while the parents understand it easily from their observation. These teachers can be expert teachers in full-time schools after they are trained maturely.
3. Full-time private school can be the finishing touch in the plan
In the aspect of propaganda, full-time private schools can’t achieve great effect in a short term due to their few places, remote location and few beneficiary. But in the future ten years, it might have explosive effect once we trained masters. So the full-time private schools can propagandize but it can train teachers and experts. All excellent students selected from community and training private schools can enter the full-time schools till middle school graduation. Therefore, this is the elite-gathering place in classic reading plan and the point to prove the value of Chinese culture.
4. Full-time institute is the place for all people caring about Chinese culture to get together.
The full-time institute aims at gathering all those who are interested in culture to talk and discuss. Meanwhile, it can propagandize to senior class of society to get their forces to push the development of the whole “Yi” private schools. It will also teach citizens freely to popularize culture. What’s more, the institute will offer majors to full-time students for their study.
Full-time Private Schools’ Plan
Full-time private schools should be in the central position of the system. Although its short-term social influence is not obvious, yet its success or not has a lot to do with the future of plan. So, here we offer several points of suggestions for reference.
First of all, full-time private schools are different from paid schools for classic reading. The present paid reading school and privates are established by individuals while the full-time private schools are established by a group of persons with lofty ideals. It is the important platform for an area’s classic communication. Besides training excellent classic-reading children, we also take charge of the reception of the sectional seminar and national teacher-exchange.
Therefore, it is important to establish one or two full-time private schools in every province. It can keep the whole province’s private schools under control to assign and arrange the work.
1. Select the full-time private school’s position.
The focus of full-time schools is to foster scholars in classic reading, so it’s necessary to be away from the crowd to avoid distraction. But for the sake of students’ enrollment and convenient transportation, the best choice should be in the joint part of city and countryside.
2. Train excellent teachers and students together with the training private schools.
The full-time schools must have experienced teachers who are willing to contribute to the social classic reading career. This kind of teacher can’t be hired easily. We can only get them through natural selection in the process of classic reading. Salary can’t keep them, only the self-requirement can.
A full-time school should have at least 30 such teachers and around 150 students. We should insist on training scholars instead of keeping numbers of students in mind.
3. Set up communicative office in the area.
This is to offer regular lectures and to help community schools and training schools to establish and run well. At the same time, these offices should cooperate well with other provinces’ correspondent departments and arrange the work harmoniously.
4. Communicate and cooperate with government
We should often invite governmental officials to visit and communicate so as to keep the pace with the governmental policy.
Management of ‘Yi’ Private Schools’ Fund
1. Cooperate with all caring about cultural welfare.
This involves no private profit, so it can improve the present condition of loose arrangement of cultural workers. And we can unite many social welfare organizations at home and abroad and religious friends to create enormous agglomerative power.
With such power, we can solve the problem of fund. Many religious organizations are doing the work of saving people’s heart, yet they still stay at the stage of persuasion. They never realize it’s the best way to save people’s hearts from the time when they were children. We now do much work in such persuasion. Once people realize the necessity, the development of our plan would be guaranteed. We will have sufficient fund.
2. Set up Chinese Culture “Yi” Fund
It is very important to set up a Fund so as to help those private schools who need support. We can help the schools with no money but are eager to develop. The money can also help us do much cultural promotion in society, hold important meetings in various places and pave the way for all private schools.
3. Establish its own donation system
To found one Fund is not the way to go long. A grown-up private school should have its own donation system. Whether the system can be established or not can also tell whether the private school abide by the principles of Chinese “standard of master” and “standard of filial piety”. If it can, it can move people, so the donation system works. Take “Xiaoshaizi” in Hefei for example, within three years, the donation system appears with the help of parents and social help, though the fund is limited.
Preliminary Work for the Plan
First, set up centers in big and medium size cities to hold “Yi” private schools’ seminar
Secondly, concentrate on establishing training schools. There are reasons as follows, 1.easy for propaganda; 2. good to train teachers; 3. convenient to find excellent children and family.
Thirdly, set up a full-time private school after having 3 to 5 training schools.
Fourthly, set up two full-time schools in China.
Fifthly, let the local people take charge of the training school and concentrate on full-time private school construction.
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